Medical  Mission  Series 


HOSPITALS  IN  CHINA 


Maternity  Ward,  Gregg  Hospitai,,  Canton. 
(Mary  A.  Perkins  Memorial.) 


The  Woman's  Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church 
SOI  Witherspoon  Buildintf.  Philadelphia 


These  pages  depict  the  activities  of  our  medical  work 
as  carried  on  in  normal  times.  The  unprecedented  calam- 
ities of  the  last  year  in  China — plague,  floods,  famine, 
culminating  in  revolution  and  war— have  compelled  many 
changes  at  the  stations.  Wherever  possible,  the  phy- 
sicians have  remained,  and  done  their  best  to  aid  the 
unfortunate  people. 

For  information  and  assistance  in  preparing  this  leaflet 
our  thanks  are  due  to  Dr.  E.  D.  Vanderburg,  Dr.  Mary 
Fitch  Tooker,  Dr.  Frederick  Fouts,  Dr.  Eliza  E.  Leonard, 
and  Dr.  Maud  A.  Mackey. 

April,  1912. 


STATISTICS,  1911. 


Medical  men  29 

jMedical  women  12 

Hospitals  28 

Dispensaries  29 

Patients  171.817 


Price.  .?  certs;  jo  certs  a dozen. 


Medical  Work  in  China 


S WE  should  expect,  we  find  in  China  a tradi- 
tional system  of  medical  practice  of  great  an- 
tiquity. No  years  of  preparation  are  required 
for  a Chinese  practitioner;  he  hangs  out  his  gay 
sign-board  and  announces  to  his  friends  and 
neighbors:  “I  am  a physician.”  All  he  needs 
is  a “doctor-book" — a manual  of  prescriptions  bought  or 
inherited;  the  latter  is  greatly  to  be  preferred.  He  looks 
at  the  patient's  tongue,  feels  his  pulse,  and,  without  fur- 
ther examination,  he  is  ready  to  turn  over  a few  leaves 
of  his  book  and  announce  the  ailment  and  its  remedies. 
They  always  feel  the  pulse  in  both  wrists.  That  of  the 
left  arm  is  the  indication  for  diseases  of  the  heart,  liver 
and  kidneys;  the  right  one  belongs  to  the  lungs,  spleen 
and  other  organs.  The  liver  consists  of  seven  lobes  and 
is  the  seat  of  the  soul.  If  a dishonest  man  falls  ill,  they 
diagnose  a displaced  heart,  because  a just  and  upright 
man’s  heart  is  always  in  the  middle  of  his  body. 

A list  of  drugs  in  ordinary  use  would  include  cock- 
roaches, rhinoceros  skin,  silk  worms,  crude  calomel,  as- 
bestos, rhubarb,  full-grown  roses,  moths,  maggots,  centi- 
pedes, shell  fish,  caterpillars,  toads,  lizards,  etc. 

Some  of  these  have  a symbolic  and  suggestive  use,  as 
powder  of  tiger  bones  for  debility.  “Dr.  Lyon’s  tooth 
powder”  is  advertised  all  over  China  as  “Lion  tooth  pow- 
der,” and  is  believed  to  be  made  from  the  teeth  of  that 
animal.  Snakes  are  highly  esteemed  for  rheumatism,  and 
cicada  shells  as  a nervous  sedative.  The  doses  are  of 
enormous  size;  they  literally  “eat  the  medicine,”  as  their 
idiom  has  it.  Fanciful  names  appeal  to  the  imagination 
of  the  patient;  the  Great  Blessing  Pill,  a general  tonic, 
contains  ten  drugs,  and  is  an  inch  across.  Others  are 
the  Double  Mystery  Pill,  the  Transparent  Peace  Pill,  and 
the  Pill  of  Ten  Thousand  Efficiencies.  These  are  smaller, 
but  the  dose  may  be  one  hundred  and  fifty  pills. 

Mr.  Edgar  Geil,  in  his  recent  book,  gives  a diagnosis 
furnished  him  by  the  chief  physician  in  Foo-chow: 

“The  fire  of  the  body  is  in  the  liver;  the  wood  fire  is  too  great 
within  you;  the  gas  in  the  central  part  of  the  body  is  confined.  Such 

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is  the  diagnosis;  the  cause  of  the  trouble  is  that  you  have  eaten  too 
much  dry  food.  Now  for  treatment”:  A prescription  follows,  to 
which  must  be  added  ‘‘Three  slips  of  yellow  charm  paper,  whereon  are 
fiery  characters  in  vegetable  red,  to  be  cooked  with  the  medicine.” 

Much  medical  work  is  done  in  connection  with  worship 
in  the  temples:  lots  are  cast  for  the  drug,  and  the  pre- 
scription indicated  by  the  idol  is  written  down  by  the 
doctor,  and  thus  comes  with  a double  authority. 

In  external  medicine,  plasters  and  poultices,  both  seda- 
tive and  irritating,  are  much  used.  The  chief  surgical  in- 
strument is  the  acupuncture  needle,  used  to  produce 
counter  irritation.  There  are  one  hundred  spots  known 
to  surgeons  in  which  it  can  be  stuck  without  causing 
immediate  death.  Often  they  do  not  hesitate  to  insert 
it  in  the  eyes,  lungs  or  abdomen.  The  results  of  such 
practice  with  unsterilized  needles,  in  the  filth  and  un- 
cleanliness of  the  average  Chinese  home,  may  be  easily 
imagined.  The  worst  cases  that  come  to  our  hospitals 
are  the  outcome  of  this  treatment. 

Of  surgery,  in  our  sense,  they  have  none,  because  they 
cannot  control  the  flow  of  blood.  Dr.  Vanderburg  tells 
of  one  man  who  was  goaded  by  the  taunts  of  his  friends 
into  attempting  to  emulate  the  foreign  doctor  by  re- 
moving an  aggravated  tumor  from  the  knee  of  a young 
man.  Frightened  by  the  resulting  hemorrhage,  they  car- 
ried the  half-dead  patient  in  hot  haste  to  the  mission 
hospital,  where  his  life  was  saved  only  by  weeks  of  care- 
ful nursing.  In  the  meantime,  the  authorities  seized  the 
doctor’s  property  and  put  him  in  prison  for  malpractice, 
saying  that  such  a reckless  person  should  not  be  allowed 
at  large.  Only  the  repeated  intercessions  of  Dr.  Van- 
derburg finally  obtained  his  release. 

Crude  and  empirical  as  such  methods  appear  to  us,  we 
must  not  forget  that  through  experience  and  natural 
ability  some  Chinese  doctors  attain  success  and  fame, 
and  sometimes  patients  given  up  by  the  foreign  doctor 
will  recover  under  native  methods. 

A doctor’s  position  in  Chinese  society  is  humble — about 
on  a level  with  a barber’s.  For  this  reason  the  brightest 
young  men,  except  when  under  foreign  influence,  are  un- 
willing to  adopt  the  profession.  Dr.  McCandliss,  of 
Hainan,  considers  that  Chinese  men  are  exceptionally 
adapted  to  the  medical  calling  by  their  phenomenal  mem- 
ories, their  keen  powers  of  observation,  and  their  steady 


nerves.  Many  are  already  at  work  who  have  been  trained 
in  foreign  methods  under  Christian  auspices,  and  each 
year  sees  an  increasing  number  of  those  who  are  qualified 
to  teach  the  principles  of  sanitation  and  right  living, 
while  aiding  the  unfortunate  victims  of  disease. 

The  growth  of  the  medical  work  of  our  Board  up  to 
the  present  time  may  be  seen  in  the  following  details: 

SOUTH  CHINA  MISSION.— Canton.— The  first  med- 
ical missionary  in  China  was  Dr.  Peter  Parker,  who  was 
sent  to  Canton  by  the  American  Board  in  1834.  The  next 
year  he  opened  a hospital  chiefly  for  diseases  of  the  eye. 
This  developed  into  the  Canton  General  Hospital,  sup- 
ported by  the  Canton  Medical  Missionary  Society,  a local 
association  comprising  both  foreigners  and  Chinese.  Our 
Board  furnished  the  medical  staff  and  had  charge  of  the 
evangelistic  work.  From  1853  to  1899  this  hospital  was 
superintended  by  Dr.  John  G.  Kerr,  whose  reputation  as  a 
surgeon  was  world-wide.  Dr.  Kerr  trained  many  Chinese 
physicians  and  assistants,  and  translated  more  than  twenty 
medical  books.  During  the  Boxer  riots,  strict  orders  were 
given  by  the  leaders  to  spare  Dr.  Kerr,  in  gratitude  for 
his  beneficent  work.  In  1909,  the  Canton  Society  as- 
sumed the  entire  control  and  support  of  the  hospital,  so 
that  our  mission  is  no  longer  connected  with  it. 

In  connection  with  this  hospital.  Dr.  Kerr  founded  the 
Refuge  for  the  Insane,  now  superintended  by  Mrs.  Kerr, 
and  cared  for  by  Dr.  C.  C.  Selden  and  Dr.  John  A.  Hoff- 
man. The  building  is  filled  to  its  limit  with  250  patients. 
Much  evangelical  work  centres  at  the  Refuge,  and  reaches 
the  relatives  and  friends  of  the  patients. 

The  group  of  institutions  in  charge  of  Dr.  Mary  Fulton 
comprises  the  largest  medical  work  for  women  in  China 
under  a single  head.  These  are  the  David  Gregg  Hos- 
pital for  Women  (1903):  the  Hackett  Medical  College 
for  Women;  the  Turner  School  for  Nurses,  with  the  Per- 
kins Memorial  Building,  containing  maternity  and  chil- 
dren’s wards. 

Dr.  Fulton  speaks  of  the  difficulty  in  maintaining  work 
e.xclusively  for  women: 

It  is  not  easy  for  a Chinese  mother  to  leave  her  home  duties.  Then 
she  controls  no  money,  and  the  husband  gives  only  grudgingly.  The 
women  are  afraid  to  stay  as  long  as  their  needs  require.  One  said  she 
must  hurry  home,  or  her  husband  would  bring  back  another  wife  during 
her  absence.  The  men  go  where  and  when  they  please,  and  carry  all 
the  money  with  them.  They  stay  in  a hospital  as  long  as  they  wish. 

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The  Hackett  Medical  College  enrolls  48  young  women. 
Thirty-four  graduates  are  practicing  or  teaching  medi- 
cine. The  aim  is  to  supply  each  large  town  with  two 
Christian  physicians. 

Ten  nurses  are  under  training,  and  the  demand  is  far 
beyond  the  supply.  One  nurse,  who  speaks  English,  is 
so  successful  that  she  commands  $100  a month.  Dr.  Ful- 
ton is  assisted  in  teaching  by  Dr.  Boyd,  and  the  other 
physicians  of  the  station.  Dr.  Boyd  also  conducts  a large 


Chinese  Nurses.  David  Gregg  Hospital,  Canton. 


new  dispensary  and  chapel,  with  wards  for  in-patients. 
Mrs.  Boggs  has  a dispensary  in  another  quarter. 

Work  for  lepers,  including  a small  school  for  untainted 
children,  is  under  Dr.  Boyd’s  care,  though  supported  by 
the  Edinburgh  Mission  to  Lepers.  Plans  are  in  hand  for 
the  gradual  segregation  of  the  large  leper  population  of 
Canton. 

A School  for  the  Blind,  under  Dr.  Mary  Niles  and  Miss 
Durham,  is  rejoicing  in  a new  building  for  its  girls. 

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The  translations  of  medical  works  made  by  Dr.  Kerr  and 
his  successors  are  invaluable  to  all  physicians  in  China. 
Before  her  death,  Dr.  Eleanor  Chestnut  had  begun  the 
translation  of  a Treatise  on  Nursing,  which  has  been  com- 
pleted and  published  as  a memorial  to  her. 

The  first  hospital  at  Lien  Chou,  opened  by  Dr.  Machle 
in  1903,  was  destroyed  in  1905  by  an  infuriated  mob,  and 
among  the  five  missionary  victims  of  their  rage  was  the 
physician.  Dr.  Eleanor  Chestnut.  The  station  has  since 
been  rebuilt,  and  new  hospitals  for  men  and  women  were 
opened  in  1910. 

The  Forman  Hospital  at  Yeung  Kong  is  the  only  one 
within  a radius  of  100  miles,  with  a population  of  2,000,000. 
Each  year  the  work  has  increased,  until  it  is  beyond  the 
ability  of  one  physician.  Mrs.  Patton,  M.  D.,  finds  un- 
limited opportunities  for  medical  touring  in  the  surround- 
ing region. 

HAINAN. — This  isolated  island  is  a difficult  field  on 
account  of  the  wet,  unwholesome  chimate,  the  variety  of 
tribes  and  dialects,  and  the  difficulty  of  traveling.  At 
each  of  the  three  stations,  Kiung  Chow,  Nodoa  and  Ka- 
chek  is  a well-equipped  hospital  with  dispensary  work 
and  training  for  assistants.  Patients  come  from  long  dis- 
tances. and  often  return  to  bring  friends. 

Dr.  Bryan,  of  Nodoa,  writes: 

When  I entered  the  hospital  this  morning  there  was  the  blind  evan- 
gelist teaching  the  Ten  Commandments  to  some  Limko  patients;  going 
into  another  ward  I found  a Bible  woman  telling  of  the  life  of  Christ 
to  an  audience  of  eight  Hakka  people,  all  sitting  on  the  floor;  in  a third 
ward  was  a Christian  patient  teaching  the  catechism  to  another  patient — 
“every  man  in  his  own  tongue.” 

HUNAN. — This  3"oungest  and  most  remote  of  our  mis- 
sions has  already  four  hospitals  and  seven  physicians  in 
its  four  stations.  It  is  the  province  of  rebellion  and  in- 
dependence, and  ten  years  ago  it  was  dangerous  for  a 
missionary  to  travel  within  its  borders.  Now  the  people 
are  keen  for  western  learning  and  science,  and  hundreds 
have  been  trying  to  crowd  into  the  church  simply  for 
the  sake  of  foreign  influence. 

At  Siang  Tan  is  a large  hospital  for  men  and  women, 
built  by  the  late  Mr.  Nathaniel  Tooker.  The  work  here 
has  grown  steadily  and  is  large  and  important.  People 
are  beginning  to  lay  aside  their  superstitious  notions  and 

7 


look  for  the  truth.  Dr.  Vanderburg  has  instructed  two 
young  men  in  medicine  for  some  years,  and  is  now  raising 
funds  to  send  them  to  the  Medical  College  at  Peking  to 
complete  their  course. 


Chinaman  Whose  Sight  had  been  Restored,  Leading 
l•'IVE  Blind  Men  to  our  Mission  Hospital  at  Chang-teh. 


At  Chang-teh,  opened  in  1899  under  the  Cumberland 
Church,  the  physician  in  charge  is  assisted  by  two  capable 
young  Chinese  doctors.  A dispensary  is  maintained  at 
Tao  Yuen,  25  miles  distant.  Land  has  been  secured  for  a 
Woman’s  Hospital,  when  the  present  disturbances  shall 
have  subsided. 

The  hospital  at  Chenchow,  given  by  the  Church  of  War- 
ren, Pa.,  was  opened  in  1910.  One  mother  walked  50  li, 
bringing  her  boy,  14  years  old,  on  her  back  for  treatment. 

CENTRAL  CHINA. — The  coast  cities  are  cared  for  by 
other  missions,  so  that  in  the  central  region  our  only 
hospital  is  at  Soo-chow — the  Tooker  Memorial  for 
Women  and  Children,  The  record  of  this  hospital,  opened 
1899,  is  one  of  incessant  love  and  service,  by  Dr.  Frances 


Cattell  and  her  successors,  and  many  touching  stories 
might  be  told  of  those  who  have  found  rest  and  healing 
within  its  walls.  Three  country  dispensaries  are  regu- 
larly visited,  and  in  this  way  many  are  reached  who 
could  not  come  to  the  hospital. 

KIANG-AN. — Nanking. — The  Methodist,  Christian  and 
Presbyterian  Missions  have  united  to  support  the  Uni- 
versity of  Nanking,  opened  1911.  With  this  will  be  af- 
filiated a Union  Medical  College  for  the  work  of  the  three 
missions.  A Union  Training  School  for  Nurses  was 
opened  in  1910. 

.A.t  Hwai  Yuen,  Hope  Hospital,  given  by  Mr.  W.  C. 
Lobenstine,  was  opened  in  December,  1909,  with  a three 
daj's’  feast,  to  which  all  the  notables  of  the  town  were 
invited.  The  new  railway  from  Nanking  to  Tientsin 
passes  near  Hwai  Yuen.  Dr.  Cochran  says: 

There  are  many  accidents  to  the  railway  builders,  and  all  are 
brought  to  us.  At  one  time  or  another  nearly  all  the  foreign  engineers 
have  been  here  for  treatment.  The  hospital  is  greatly  appreciated  by  the 
poor  of  Hwai  Yuen  and  by  people  from  a distance,  but  few  of  the 
well-to-do  townspeople  come  to  us. 

The  ravages  of  plague  and  famine,  in  1911,  were  very 
severe  in  this  neighborhood.  Through  his  exertions  in 
the  relief  work  Dr.  Samuel  Cochran  contracted  famine 
fever,  and  lay  long  at  the  point  of  death.  Fifty  Hwai- 
Yuen  men  went  to  their  temple  to  pray  for  the  life  of 
this  man  who  had  come  to  help  them  and  their  people. 
One  by  one,  each  of  them  vowed  to  give  up  one  year  of 
his  life,  and  unitedly  they  called  upon  their  god  to  add 
these  fifty  years  taken  from  their  lives  to  the  life  of 
Dr.  Cochran! 

NORTH  CHINA. — At  Peking  the  Lockhart  IMedical 
College  for  Men  was  founded  after  the  Boxer  outbreak  by 
the  Educational  Union  of  North  China,  representing  the 
London  Missionary  Society,  the  American  Board  and  the 
Presbyterian  Board.  The  Methodist  Board  also  unites 
in  the  support  of  this  college.  The  buildings,  given  by 
the  L.  M.  S..  will  accommodate  several  hundred  students. 
The  Empress  Dowager  contributed  10,000  taels.  Dr.  Hall 
is  our  chief  representative  in  the  faculty.  Sixteen  men 
were  graduated  in  1911,  receiving  government  diplomas. 
Eour  of  these  are  Presbyterians — one  of  them  a well-to-do 

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man,  who  was  reclaimed  from  opium-smoking  at  our  An- 
ting Hospital. 

Dr.  Leonard  says: 

Before  the  diplomas  were  presented  the  plague  broke  out  in  North 
China  and  the  Government  asked  the  students  to  volunteer,  promising 
large  salaries.  What  should  we  do  about  our  men,  who  were  pledged 
to  mission  service  for  a term  of  years?  If  they  went  into  Government 
employ,  would  they  be  ready  to  come  back  to  us  at  a tenth  of  the 
salary?  It  was  a critical  question,  but  we  thought  the  men  ought  to 
be  free  to  serve  their  country  in  a crisis.  They  are  back  today  in  the 
Mission  hospitals,  though  it  was  not  an  easy  triumph — it  took  three 
months  for  one  man  to  win  out. 

The  Union  Medical  School  for  Women  is  on  the  Metho- 
dist Compound,  3^  miles  from  the  Presbyterian  hospitals. 
Dr.  Eliza  E.  Leonard  is  dean  of  this  school,  and  teaches 
anatomy  and  surgery.  Dr.  Hall,  Miss  McKillican  and 
Dr.  Elizabeth  Lewis  assist  in  the  teaching.  The  first  class 
will  be  graduated  the  coming  year.  A new  class  is  en- 
tered only  every  second  year,  owing  to  the  limited  num- 
ber of  teachers. 

The  Union  Training  School  for  Nurses  has  sent  out 
two  classes.  A number  of  others  have  spent  a year  or 
two  in  study,  and  gone  out  into  homes  of  their  own,  with 
a knowledge  which  makes  them  better  wives,  mothers  and 
neighbors.  Dr.  Leonard  writes: 

*‘\Ve  teach  our  students  midwifery  and  dispensing,  so  that  they  are 
able  to  take  charge  of  our  normal  confinement  cases,  and  save  the  doctors 
much  time.  They  read  and  fill  prescriptions,  make  up  ointments,  keep 
drug  shelves  and  store  rooms  in  order.  Nurses’  work  used  to  be  looked 
upon  as  menial  service  by  educated  young  women,  but  that  day  is  fast 
going  by.  Girls  from  Government  schools  have  appealed  to  us  recently 
for  instruction  in  Red  Cross  work.  There  is  a wide  field  for  the  Chris- 
tian trained  nurse  in  China.*’ 

The  two  hospitals  of  our  Peking  IMission  are  in  the 
Presbyterian  Compound  in  the  northern  part  of  the  city. 
The  An-ting  Hospital  for  Men  is  now  in  charge  of  Dr 
F.  E.  Dilley,  and  treats  thousands  of  patients  annually. 
Its  dispensary  is  connected  with  the  Street  Chapel.  The 
Douw  Hospital  for  Women  is  under  Dr.  Leonard.  The 
receipts  pay  all  the  current  expenses,  but  it  greatly  needs 
a waiting-room  for  high-class  patients,  and  an  isolation 
ward.  Nearly  10,000  patients  visited  the  dispensary  last 
year.  The  phj^sician  is  called  to  many  official  families. 

At  Paoting-fu  the  medical  work,  begun  in  1893,  was  just 
fairly  established  in  1900,  when  the  Boxer  army  destroyed 
the  mission  buildings  and  murdered  Dr.  Taylor,  Dr.  and 

10 


Mrs.  Hodge,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Simcox  and  their  children.  Af- 
ter two  years  of  desolation  the  station  was  rebuilt  on  a 
new  site  presented  by  the  officials.  The  Taylor  Memorial 
Hospital  for  men  was  given  by  Dr.  Taylor’s  classmates  at 
Princeton.  The  women's  hospital  is  named  the  Hodge 
Memorial.  Roth  are  crowded  to  their  full  capacity,  and 
the  doctors  are  more  than  busy.  Daily  service  at  the 
city  dispensary,  and  numerous  country  trips,  have  reached 
many  outside  patients. 


Patients  of  Men’s  Hospital,  Peking. 


Shuntefu,  opened  in  1903,  has  a well-equipped  hospital, 
which  has  won  many  friends  for  the  mission  work.  By 
the  gifts  of  grateful  patients,  all  expenses  were  met  last 
year.  A hospital  for  women  is  greatly  needed. 

Surgery  forms  the  larger  part  of  our  practice.  There  is  also  a 
large  contingent  of  opium  patients.  One  man  came  to  ask  for  the 
magic  medicine  that  would  make  a new  arm  grow  in  place  of  the  one 
he  had  lost.  Suicide  is  fearfully  prevalent,  and  many  attempted  cases 
are  brought  to  us.  Methods  vary  according  to  the  rank  of  the  individual; 
it  is  quite  aristocratic  to  swallow  powdered  gold!  One  unique  case  was 
that  of  a young  woman  who  pounded  up  her  gold  ornaments,  and  took 
the  whole  in  one  dose  in  a draught  of  liquor. 


SHANTUNG. — At  Teng-chou,  a hospital  and  two  dis- 
pensaries have  been  maintained  for  some  years,  through 
various  changes  in  the  medical  staff.  Land  for  a new 
hospital  outside  the  city  has  been  bought,  and  the  build- 
ings are  now  under  way. 

A dispensary  was  opened  at  Chefoo  in  1908,  and  large 
gifts  have  been  made  toward  building  an  adequate  hos- 


Doctors  in  China  Keady  for  Plague  Relief  Work. 


pital  as  soon  as  it  seems  advisable.  The  medical  work- 
in  Weihsien  dates  from  1882,  but  the  present  buildings 
were  erected  when  the  station  was  reopened  after  its 
complete  destruction  in  1900,  A dispensary  in  the  city, 
two  miles  distant,  was  opened  in  1906.  The  ravages  of 
plague  and  famine  in  recent  years  have  added  greatly  to 
the  burdens  of  the  workers.  Dr.  Roys  was  intrusted 
with  the  government  quarantine  work  during  the  plague 

12 


epidemic  in  1911.  When  the  hospital  was  reopened  in 
the  spring,  the  rush  of  patients  was  almost  more  than 
could  be  handled. 

At  Tsinanfu,  the  capital  of  the  province,  the  Mcllvaine 
Memorial  Hospital  (men)  was  opened  in  1892  by  Dr.  J.  B. 
Neal,  who  has  trained  several  classes  of  students  in  con- 
nection with  it.  The  Boyd  Hospital  for  Women  (1899) 
was  carried  on  in  connection  with  it  during  the  illness 
and  absence  of  Dr.  Caroline  Merwin.  The  patients  of 
both  number  nearly  9,000  yearly.  The  Medical  College 
of  the  Shantung  University  is  located  here,  and  its  build- 
ings in  the  south  suburb  are  now  approaching  completion. 
Dr.  Neal  is  the  dean  of  this  college.  Three  classes,  about 
30  men  in  all,  are  now  under  instruction,  the  upper  class 
having  already  studied  three  years  under  various  phy- 
sicians. Dr.  Touts  says: 

The  standards  are  rather  high.  A full  high  school  course  is  required, 
plus  one  year’s  work  in  the  Arts  College  at  Weihsien.  Then  five 
years  of  professional  study  at  Tsinan.  This  means  much  to  young 
men  as  poor  as  are  most  of  the  Chinese.  But  a goodly  number  are 
keen  to  undertake  it,  and  many  more  would  if  they  could.  The  college 
was  formally  opened  in  April,  1911.  The  governor  of  the  province 
attended  the  ceremonies,  presented  a gift  of  1,000  taels  ($700  gold) 
and  gave  a sumptuous  banquet  in  his  yamen  to  those  identified  with 
the  work. 

The  medical  work  at  Ichowfu  has  always  been  con- 
siderable. A dispensary  was  opened  by  Dr.  C.  F.  John- 
son in  1891,  and  a building  erected  later  with  detached 
wards  for  men.  Dr.  Anna  Larsen  began  the  work  for 
women,  and  after  her  death,  in  1907,  it  was  assumed  by 
Dr.  Emma  Fleming.  A women’s  hospital  was  opened  in 
1907,  given  by  the  Presbyterian  Society  of  St.  Louis. 
Both  hospitals  were  carried  on  for  some  time  by  Dr. 
Frederick  W.  Touts.  Owing  to  his  enforced  absence,  and 
the  outbreak  of  the  revolutionary  troubles,  making  it  un- 
safe for  foreigners  to  remain  at  this  isolated  station,  the 
work  is  now  in  the  care  of  competent  Chinese  physicians 
and  helpers.  More  than  one  new  centre  for  Christian 
work  has  been  opened  in  remote  corners  through  the 
visits  of  patients  to  the  “Jesus  hospitals.’’ 

The  two  hospitals  at  Tsiningchou  have  been  so  long  at 
work,  that  they  are  widely  known  and  regarded  with  much 
favor  by  the  people  of  the  country  round.  In-patients 
often  come  from  distant  provinces.  A new  building  for 
the  men’s  hospital  was  given  in  1907  by  the  Women’s 
Board  of  Missions,  New  York. 


At  Yi-hsien,  a new  station,  145  miles  from  Tsinan, 
Dr.  W.  R.  Cunningham  finds  great  encouragement  in  the 
growing  friendliness  of  the  people,  as  shown  by  the  in- 
creased number  of  patients  visiting  the  dispensary. 


When  we  read  this  list  of  medical  activities,  the  most 
extensive  under  the  care  of  our  Board,  and  think  of  what 
is  being  done  by  other  organizations,  it  seems  that  we 
are  accomplishing  a great  deal.  But  when  we  look  at 
the  400  medical  missionaries  of  all  denominations  for 
China’s  400,000,000  of  people,  and  see  American  Medical 
Schools  turning  out  yearly  about  5,000  graduates,  we  have 
a truer  sense  of  proportion.  One  large  American  city 
can  boast  of  more  qualified  physicians  than  all  the  land 
of  China. 

What,  then,  are  these  agencies,  small  and  scattered  as 
they  are,  doing  for  China? 

1st.  They  are  giving  the  services  of  a band  of  qualified 
men  and  women,  who  are  devoting  their  lives  to  healing 
service,  asking  no  other  reward. 

2d.  They  are  establishing  a chain  of  hospitals  and  dis- 
pensaries throughout  the  land  to  serve  as  centres  of  san- 
itary science  and  benevolent  help. 

3d.  They  are  maintaining  a small  group  of  asylums  for 
special  classes,  the  insane,  the  blind,  the  deaf,  the  lepers, 
to  serve  as  models  for  future  advance. 

4th.  They  are  furnishing  a small  army  of  native  phy- 
sicians and  nurses,  trained  in  the  old  days  by  the  pioneers 
with  self-denying  patience,  now  instructed  in  good  schools 
sustained  by  joint  efforts. 

5th.  They  are  translating  the  best  medical  books,  with- 
out which  the  schools  would  be  hopelessly  hampered,  and 
carrying  on  research  work  in  special  lines. 

6th.  They  are  helping  to  rid  the  country  of  the  awful 
opium  curse.  All  our  hospitals  treat  hundreds  of  opium 
cases  yearly. 

7th.  The  direct  results  of  the  medical  work  in  bringing 
souls  to  Christ  are  not  small. 

The  medical  missionaries  are  always  in  the  forefront  of 
the  battle  against  plague  and  cholera,  and  conspicuous  in 
every  movement  for  better  living.  All  this  is  done  at  very 
small  expense.  A single  hospital  in  one  of  our  large 
American  cities  costs  yearly  far  more  than  all  our  work 
in  China  put  together. 


HOSPITALS  AND  DISPENSARIES. 
igi2. 


SOUTH  CHINA  MISSION. 

C.ANTON. — David  Gregg  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children ; 
Hackett  Medical  College  for  Women;  Turner  Training 
School  for  Nurses;  John  G.  Kerr  Refuge  for  Insane; 
Dispensaries ; General  Medical  work. 

E.  C.  Machle,  M.  D.;  H.  W.  Boyd,  M.  D.  ; Mary  H.  Ful- 
ton, M.  D.;  Mrs.  J.  J.  Boggs,  M.  D. 

Lien  Chou. — Van  Norden  Hospital  for  Men ; Brooks  Me- 
morial Hospital  for  Women. 

Robert  M.  Ross,  M.  D.;  Miss  N.  M.  Latimer,  M.  D. 

Yeung  Kong. — Forman  Memorial  Hospital ; Medical  work 
at  out-stations. 

Wm.  H.  Dobson,  M.  D.;  Mrs.  C.  E.  Patton,  M.  D. 

HAINAN  MISSION. 

Kiung  Chow. — Hospital  and  Dispensary ; Medical  work. 

H.  M.  McCandliss,  M.  D. 

XoDO.\. — Mary  Henry  Hospital  and  Dispensary. 

Herman  Bryan,  M.  D. 

K.^chek. — Kilborne  Hospital ; General  Medical  work. 

Sidney  L.  Lasell,  M.  D.;  Rev.  J.  Franklin  Kelly,  M.  D. 

HUNAN  MISSION. 

Si.ANG  Tan. — Tooker  Hospital ; Dispensary ; General  Medical 
work. 

E.  D.  Vanderburg,  M.  D.;  F.  J.  Tooker,  M.  D.;  Mrs, 
Tooker,  M.  D. 

Heng  Chow. — Hospital. 

W.  Edgar  Robertson,  M.  D. 

Chen  Chow. — Hospital ; Dispensary. 

Stephen  C.  Lewis,  M.  D.;  Wm.  L.  Berst,  M.  D. 

Changteh. — Hospital. 

O.  T.  Logan,  M.  D. 

CENTRAL  CHINA  MISSION. 

Soochow. — Tooker  Memorial  Hospital  for  Women. 

Elizabeth  E.  Anderson.  M.  D.;  Agnes  M.  Carothers,  M.  D. 


KIANG  AN  MISSION. 


Hwai  Yuen. — Hope  Hospital;  General  Medical  work. 

Samuel  Cochran,  M.  D. ; Agnes  Murdoch,  M.  D. 

NORTH  CHINA  MISSION, 

Peking. — Anting  Hospital  (men);  Union  Medical  College; 
Donw  Hospital  (women)  ; Nurses’  Training  School. 

Frederick  E.  Dilley,  M.  D.  ; Francis  J.  Hall,  M.  D.;  Eliza 
E.  Leonard,  M.  D.  ; Elizabeth  F.  Lewis,  M.  D. 

Paotingfu. — Taylor  Memorial  Hospital  for  Men;  Hodge 
?iIemorial  Hospital  for  Women;  General  Medical  work. 
Charles  Lewis,  M.  D.;  Maud  A.  Mackey,  M.  D. 

Shuntefu. — Hugh  O’Neill  Memorial  Hospital  for  Men. 

Guy  W.  Hamilton,  M.  D. 

SHANTUNG  MISSION. 

Teng  Chow. — General  Medical  Work;  Hospital;  Dispensary. 

\V.  F.  Seymour,  M.  D.;  Robert  W.  Dunlap,  M.  D. 

Chefoo. — General  Medical  Work. 

Oscar  F.  Hills,  M.  D.;  .^lma  D.  Dodds,  Nurse. 

Tsingtau. — Medical  Work  for  Women. 

Effie  B.  Cooper,  M.  D. 

Tsinanfu. — Union  Medical  College  (Shantung  Christian 
University)  ; Mcllvaine  Hospital  for  Men ; Louisa  Boyd 
Hospital  for  Women. 

James  B.  Neal,  M.  D.;  Wm.  Schultz,  M.  D.;  C.  F.  John- 
ston, M.  D. ; Caroline  S.  Merwin,  M.  D. 

Wei  Hsien. — Hospital  for  Women ; General  Medical  work. 

Charles  K.  Roys,  M.  D.;  Margaret  Bynon,  M.  D.  ; Mrs. 
R.  M.  Mateer,  M.  D. 

IcHowFU. — Hospital  for  Men ; Hospital  for  Women ; Medical 
work. 

Emma  E.  Fleming,  M.  D. 

Tsining  Chow — Bachman  Hospital  (men) ; Hunter  Hospital 
(women). 

Charles  H.  Lyon,  M.  D. 

Yi  Hsien. — Medical  work. 

Wm.  R.  Cunningham,  M.  D. 


